National Pachamama Festival in Amaicha del Valle
A February festival in the high Calchaquí valleys of Tucumán, centered on electing an elder community woman, the Coya, to embody the Pachamama, alongside three other symbolic figures representing youth, carnival, and animal protection. The event blends pre-Hispanic earth-offering ritual with Carnival-season festivity in a tradition provincial authorities first promoted in the 1940s.
Amaicha del Valle's festival centers on choosing an elder woman from the community to embody the wisdom and protective spirit of the Pachamama, Mother Earth, a practice press accounts trace to 1949, not long after the provincial government first promoted the celebration in 1947 as a way of drawing tourism to the Calchaquí valleys.