Mandaean Baptism Festival in Tigris/Euphrates communities
Mandaean, or Sabian-Mandaean, communities perform masbuta, a weekly full-immersion baptism in flowing river water, which culminates annually in the five-day Parwanaya festival combining baptism, an ancestor-ascension rite, and additional ceremonies performed together along the Tigris and Euphrates riverbanks in southern Iraq and neighboring Khuzestan province in Iran.
Mandaeans, also known as Sabian-Mandaeans, Nasoraeans, or simply Sabians, practice a form of Gnostic monotheism centered on baptism, and their communities have traditionally lived along the lower Karun, Euphrates, and Tigris rivers and the Shatt al-Arab waterway in southern Iraq and Iran's Khuzestan province.