Yamagata Hanagasa Festival in Yamagata
Yamagata Hanagasa Festival, held August 5-7, began in 1963 as part of the Zao Summer Festival before becoming independent in 1965. Around 10,000 dancers parade through Yamagata City wearing straw hanagasa hats decorated with safflower blossoms, moving to a rhythm and chant, yassho-makasho, that traces back to 1919 embankment construction work on Lake Tokura.
The dance at the heart of the Yamagata Hanagasa Festival traces its rhythm and call-and-response chant to manual labor performed in 1919 along the banks of Lake Tokura in Obanazawa, a town in northeastern Yamagata Prefecture, where workers building an embankment reportedly developed the rhythmic chant of yassho followed by the response makasho as they compacted earth into the structure by foot.