Peledysh Payrem in Yoshkar-Ola/Mari El
The official flower festival of the Mari El republic, first held in 1920 in the village of Sernur to give the Mari people a new patriotic springtime celebration in place of a traditional religious holiday, and still celebrated across the republic every June more than a century later.
Peledysh Payrem, meaning festival of flowers in the Mari language, and known during the Soviet period as Yoshkar Peledysh Payrem, or festival of the red flower, is the official public holiday of the Mari El republic today, but it began as a deliberate act of cultural substitution rather than an organic folk tradition.